Stainless steel is an iron-chromium alloy with at least 10.5 % chromium. That chromium forms a self-healing, invisible oxide layer that resists rust and chemical attack. Multiple grades (from general-purpose 304 to super-duplex alloys) tailor stainless steel for environments ranging from urban facades to offshore platforms.

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Carbon steel is an iron-carbon alloy with carbon content typically between 0.05 % and 2.0 %. Higher carbon increases hardness and strength but reduces ductility. Without protective elements like chromium, carbon steel readily forms surface rust unless coated, yet it remains cost-effective for structural and load-bearing roles.

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Stainless steel is a cornerstone of modern construction, offering durability, aesthetic appeal, and corrosion resistance. But it’s not invincible. Understanding its limitations and strengths allows for smarter design, better maintenance, and longer-lasting performance.

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